Future Med Chem. Legumes and nuts like peanuts, cashew nuts, hazel nuts, walnuts, etc. BMC Med. Not enough is known about how thiamine supplements may help people with heart failure, and the authors of one meta-analysis are calling for more research. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Multivitamin/multimineral supplements with thiamin typically provide about 1.5 mg thiamin and sometimes more [12]. Thiamine is used to treat or prevent vitamin B1 deficiency. Kopelman MD, Thomson AD, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. Therefore, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any supplements you plan to take and check in about potential interactions with other supplements or medications. What Happens If I Take Too Much Thiamine? *DV = Daily Value.
Thiamine Deficiency: What Is It and What Are the Risk Factors? - WebMD B-Complex vitamins, including Vitamin B1, work to support energy metabolism in the body. Administration of supplemental thiamin, often parenterally, quickly cures beriberi [2,3]. Thiamine may also help in preventing the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. If an ingredient is missing, please use the comment form below to report it and we will look into it. In its early stage, thiamin deficiency can cause weight loss and anorexia, confusion, short-term memory loss, and other mental signs and symptoms; muscle weakness; and cardiovascular symptoms (such as an enlarged heart) [7]. Thiamine and cardiovascular disease: a literature review, The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study, High-dose thiamine supplementation in older patients with heart failure: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial(THIAMINE-HF), Thiamin supplementation does not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in ambulatory heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial, The effects of thiamine supplementation on patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Benfotiamine and cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIA clinical trial, US national trends in bariatric surgery: A decade of study, Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011-2020, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery integrated health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient 2016 update: micronutrients, Thiamine deficiency disorders: diagnosis, prevalence, and a roadmap for global control programs, Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction, Alcohol addiction, gut microbiota, and alcoholism treatment: a review, Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery, Cognitive impairment severity in relation to signs of subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy in HIV and alcoholism comorbidity, Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernickes encephalopathy, and recommendations, Does long-term furosemide therapy cause thiamine deficiency in patients with heart failure? The review authors stated that it was not possible to draw any conclusions from these three studies because they were small and the publications describing them did not provide enough detail to combine these data in a meta-analysis. Foods, fortificants, and supplements: Where do Americans get their nutrients? 119 Meats Highest in Thiamin (B1) 0.2mg (19% DV) in 1 leg, with skin (sum of drumstick+thigh+back) 0.2mg (19% DV) in 1 leg, bone and skin removed (sum of drumstick+thigh+back meat only) 0.1mg (12% DV) in 1 slice, medium (4-1/2 inch dia x 1/8 inch thick) (1 oz) 0.1mg (8% DV) in 1 drumstick with skin (yield from 1 lb ready-to-cook chicken) 0.1mg . An analysis of data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that only 6% of the U.S. population has a usual intake below the EAR [9]. Since most ingredients are listed using their chemical name, its difficult to figure out if they are halal or not. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. They leave the body through the urine. Up to 80% of people with chronic alcoholism develop thiamin deficiency because ethanol reduces gastrointestinal absorption of thiamin, thiamin stores in the liver, and thiamin phosphorylation [3,19]. Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin which is essential for energy metabolism. beberapa jenis pangan halal baik bahan maupun kemasan tugas pangan halal toyib telusur produk sertifikat halal disusun oleh: dorce sanda g2b221026 program studi. Includes a variety of vegetables; fruits; grains (at least half whole grains); fat-free and low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese; and oils. 2020;78:1015-1029. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa004, Le Berre AP, Fama R, Sassoon SA, et al. Is this your first time visiting our site? [, Vognar L, Stoukides J. They hypothesize that the apparent lack of toxicity may be explained by the rapid decline in absorption of thiamin at intakes above 5 mg. Diabetologia 2007;50:2164-70. Individuals taking these and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their thiamin status with their health care providers. Thiamine plays a role in metabolizing glucose (sugar), which is part of the process used by the body to provide cells with energy. J Korean Med Sci 2009;24:747-50. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of thiamine can vary by age and pregnancy status as follows, in milligrams (mg), which can be obtained through food sources or oral supplements: Note that Verywell Health prefers to use inclusive terminology, but when citing health authorities or studies, the terms relating to sex and gender from those sources are used. Because thiamin can only be stored in the body for a short time before it is readily excreted, a regular dietary intake of thiamin is necessary to maintain proper blood levels. When thiamine is given through an IV for seriousdeficiencies, there may be a risk of an allergic reaction, but the benefits would outweigh the risks in these cases. Thiamine is also available as a supplement and by prescription as an . 2022;105:368504221096539. doi:10.1177/00368504221096539, Day E, Bentham PW, Callaghan R, Kuruvilla T, George S. Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in people who abuse alcohol. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Niazi AK, O'Keefe JH, Hu T. Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Benfotiamine, thiamine monophosphate chloride and thiamine pyrophosphate chloride, as sources of vitamin B1 added for nutritional purposes to food supplements: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). Whether thiamin supplements are effective for preventing thiamin deficiency in patients taking loop diuretics needs to be determined in clinical studies. [. Nutr Clin Pract. citrus fruit, tomatoes, etc). The authors used several tools to measure the cognitive (thinking and memory) levels of the people in the trial over time. Join the ODS Email List. Thiamin: One of the B complex vitamins. Thiamine is vitamin B1, of which there are several different types that are used as supplements. Sci Prog. The total thiamine pool in the average adult is about 30 mg. An intake of 0.5 mg per 1000 kcal per day . The authors of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis found two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of thiamin supplementation in people with heart failure that met their eligibility criteria [50]. Some foods (bread, cereals, and infant formula) are fortified with thiamine to ensure most people receive enough in their diet. The Korsakoff syndrome: clinical aspects, psychology and treatment. The recommended treatment for severe deficiency consists of 2530 mg intravenously in infants and 50100 mg in adults, then 10 mg daily administered intramuscularly for approximately one week, followed by 35 mg/day oral thiamin for at least 6 weeks. One of these studies found that 13% of 150 patients with cognitive impairment and acute-onset behavioral disturbances were considered thiamin deficient based on plasma levels [26]. For a reader-friendly overview of Thiamin, see our consumer fact sheet on Thiamin. University of Rochester Medical Center. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department. Thiamine is stored in the liver, but only in small amounts, so people need a steady supply from their diet or a supplement to avoid a deficiency. It helps to convert what you eat and drink into energy or glucose. Exp Ther Med. Thiamine taken by mouth (oral) is available without a prescription. Bemeur C, Butterworth RF. Urine tests, which measure how much thiamine is being excreted, might also be used. The proportion of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have poor thiamin status based on erythrocyte transketolase activity ranges from 17% to 79% in studies conducted to date [40]. 2020;43:964-973. doi:10.14348/molcells.2020.0198, Allowitz KV, Yoo JJ, Taylor JR, et al. Food sources of thiamin include whole grains, meat, and fish [2]. Sadia. Thiamine deficiencies are more common in areas of the world where there is less access to food sources of thiamine. Allithiamine exerts therapeutic effects on sepsis by modulating metabolic flux during dendritic cell activation. [. Since most ingredients are listed using their chemical name, it's difficult to figure out if they are halal or not. Other newer studies found this was not the case after thiamine therapy. Characteristics of thiamin and its relevance to the management of heart failure. Vitamin B1, or thiamin, helps prevent complications in the nervous system, brain, muscles, heart, stomach, and intestines. [, Agabio R. Thiamine administration in alcohol-dependent patients.
Therefore, this article makes it easier for you to find out if an ingredient is halal or haram. If low levels of thiamine are found in the urine, it might mean not enough thiamine is in the diet. However, some cases of this syndrome become so severe that people develop chronic (long-term) health problems, especially with memory. The discovery of thiamin. 2022;14:809-826. doi:10.4155/fmc-2022-0040, Park WS, Lee J, Hong T, et al. Groups With a Higher Incidence of Thiamine Deficiency. Well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required to determine whether thiamin supplements can reduce glucose levels in patients with diabetes or decrease diabetic compications. [, Imai N, Kubota M, Saitou M, Yagi N, Serizawa M, Kobari M. Increase of serum vascular endothelial growth factors in wet beriberi: two case reports. Without carrageenan, some products would not meet organic standards or vegetarian, halal, or kosher diets http://www.foodingredientfacts.org. Gibson GE, Blass JP. Updated:
Cureus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1987;33:421-30.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) : MedlinePlus Drug Information Thiamine - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Thiaminase - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics However, there is some evidence that the drugsLasix (furosemide) and Adrucil (fluorouracil)could cause the body to lose too much thiamine. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. The amount of thiamin recommended during pregnancy and lactation varies depending on the pregnancy's phase and the energy needs of the person. Thiamine injection is used to treat beriberi, a serious condition caused by prolonged lack of vitamin B1. This is because people in developing areas may not get enough thiamine in their diet.
Vitamin B-Complex "50" (100 stk.) - Solgar Danmark It should be discarded after the expiration date on the packaging has passed. In between halal and haram are doubtful ingredients. Thiamin (thiamine), or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. The rates of poor thiamin status in patients with heart failure have ranged in studies from 21% to 98% [47]. This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells [1]. [, Jermendy G. Evaluating thiamine deficiency in patients with diabetes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in wet beriberi. Vanillin: Flavoring agent, extracted from vanilla. Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. When beriberi is diagnosedand even when it is strongly suspectedthiamine supplementation is the treatment. In a study of 76 consecutive patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, for example, 8% had mild thiamin deficiency and 32% had moderate deficiency based on assays of the transketolase enzyme [33].
Halal Certified Nicotinic acid/Niacin - Newseed Chemical Co., Limited 2013;10(4):26-32. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD004033. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Thiamine, also called vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found in virtually every cell in the body. Its deficiency is called beriberi . Should I avoid foods with carrageenan for my Halal students? Three studies found that, compared to placebo, 120900 mg/day benfotiamine with or without other B-vitamins decreased the severity of neuropathy symptoms and lowered urinary albumin excretion (a marker of early-stage diabetic nephropathy) [43-45]. Ochsner J 2013;13:495-9. Because of the lack of reports of adverse effects from high thiamin intakes (50 mg/day or more) from food or supplements, the FNB did not establish ULs for thiamin [7]. -Lauryl Hydroxysultaine These studies were not successful in determining what the dosage of thiamine should be to reverse the symptoms of this condition or to prevent it. [, Aasheim ET. It is a progressive condition. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. However, the authors of these studies did not assess the potential clinical significance of these findings. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1996;26:234-6. Age and Ageing 2000;29:111-6. Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer's type. Dua for Children for them to be Pious and Successful, 10 Beautiful Quranic Verses About Paradise, 10 Beautiful Verses of the Quran About Hope, 10 Authentic Dua to Recite When Facing Difficulties and Problems in Life. Other vitamins and supplements may also be used as a treatment because other deficiencies might also be present. It plays an important role in many biological processes, mainly in glucose metabolism. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. JazakAllah. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004033.pub3, Anwar A, Ahmed Azmi M, Siddiqui JA, et al. Nabokina SM, Said HM. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at age 16. The World Health Organization recommends daily oral doses of 10 mg thiamin for a week, followed by 35 mg/daily for at least 6 weeks, to treat mild thiamin deficiency [23]. Thiamine helps some of the enzymes in the body that are used in the metabolism of glucose. 2022;70:102853. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102853. Sharma S, Sheehy T, Kolonel LN. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Thiamin (or thiamine) is one of the water-soluble B vitamins. For example, bread has 20%30% less thiamin than its raw ingredients, and pasteurization reduces thiamin content (which is very small to begin with) in milk by up to 20% [3]. This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells [1]. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2003;10:184-8. This makes thiamine levels important in diseases of the metabolic and gastrointestinal systems. Case Rep Oncol 2011;4:371-6. Therapeutic benefits of an oral vitamin B1 derivative for human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Martinez-Abundis E, Robles-Cervantes JA, Ramirez-Ramirez V, Ramos-Zavala MG. Effect of thiamine administration on metabolic profile, cytokines and inflammatory markers in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Also synthetically produced. Meador K, Loring D, Nichols M, Zamrini E, Rivner M, Posas H, et al. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery integrated health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient 2016 update: micronutrients. Wooley JA.
Is Thiamine Mononitrate Vegan? What's It Made Of? (Vitamin B1) Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Looks like all are from Vegetables but still wanted to confirm: Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Stearic Acid, Contains 2% of: Natural Palm Leaf Glaze, Silica, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, you can add peprika extract and pepper extract. Ochsner J. * Severe thiamin deficiency leads to a disease called beriberi with the added symptoms of tingling and numbness in the feet and hands, loss of muscle, and poor reflexes. Alcohol Alcohol 2009;44:148-54. Mol Cells. It is naturally present in whole grains, meat (especially pork), and fish. 2005;26:2238-44. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi442, Schoenenberger AW, Schoenenberger-Berzins R, et al. The treatment includes supplementing with thiamine, but it may not cure it. 2020;12:e8027. Heating foods containing thiamin can reduce their thiamin content. Organs. Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: a pilot study. Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1598-601. Autopsy studies have shown that transketolase and other thiamin-dependent enzymes have decreased activity in the brains of people with Alzheimers disease [52,53]. Supplements containing B-complex vitamins (including thiamin) or thiamin only are also available. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy dietary pattern as one that: This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Beriberi causes problems with the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, which broadly means it can affect the heart and the muscles. (e.g. The signs and symptoms of beriberi can include: Beriberi is also associated with gastric surgery, which could be done for weight loss or for treating a condition such as cancer. [, Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, Larkin JR, Akhtar MW, Shafi T, et al. Beriberi is not common in the United States and other . Vitamin C: Natural sources are from plant. Alcohol Alcohol 2006;41:151-8. This section focuses on four diseases or disorders in which thiamin does or might play a role: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, diabetes, heart failure, and Alzheimers disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011;13:41. In its guidelines for managing Wernickes encephalopathy in emergency departments, the Royal College of Physicians in London supports the administration of oral thiamin hydrochloride (100 mg three times a day) in patients with adequate dietary intakes of thiamin and no signs or symptoms of Wernickes encephalopathy [39]. A placebo-controlled trial in people with Alzheimer's disease showed that supplementing with a form of thiamine was considered safe. Fresh or naturally frozen vegetables. The most common effect of thiamin deficiency is beriberi, which is characterized mainly by peripheral neuropathy and wasting [1-3]. Are these halal or Haram in Medicine, did not find on your list. 2019;148:101-168. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002, Wang SC, Chen YC, Chen SJ, Lee CH, Cheng CM. Hanninen SA, Darling PB, Sole MJ, Barr A, Keith ME. [. Micronutrient supplements that include thiamin are almost always recommended for patients following bariatric surgery to avoid deficiencies [36]. Seligmann H, Halkin H, Rauchfleisch S, Kaufmann N, Motro M, Vered Z, et al. Humans store thiamin primarily in the liver, but in very small amounts [3]. Guidelines from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery also recommend that thiamine levels be tested in people who have gastric surgery and are at risk for a thiamine deficiency. Thiamine level in type I and type II diabetes mellitus patients: a comparative study focusing on hematological and biochemical evaluations. Choi EJ, Jeon CH, Park DH, Kwon TH. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. Solgar Vitamin B-Complex "50" indeholder 50 mg af hvert vitamin B. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Vitamin B6 og B12 bidrager til at reducere trthed og udmattelse. However, the authors recommend parenteral thiamin supplementation for patients at high risk, such as those with ataxia, confusion, and a history of chronic alcohol misuse, because oral supplementation is unlikely to produce adequate blood levels. Thiamine is required by our . 2016;38:2277-2285. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.08.009, Kira J. More research is needed to determine whether thiamin supplements might benefit people with heart failure, even if they have normal thiamin status. Also called Vitamin B3, Vitamin PP or Niacin, NicotinicAcid is slightly soluble in water, glycerol [] For adults, excretion of less than 100 mcg/day thiamin in urine suggests insufficient thiamin intake, and less than 40 mcg/day indicates an extremely low intake [6]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. Keith M, Quach S, Ahmed M, et al. However, bariatric surgery (weight-loss surgery that modifies the digestive system) rates increased dramatically from 2006 through 2021, and it is a risk factor for thiamine deficiency. It's made with high-quality ingredients and all the essential vitamins and minerals to keep your heart +, brain, and eyes healthy and protected. People who live with certain conditions, includingalcohol use disorder, diabetes, certain gastrointestinal conditions or surgeries, or heart failure,may need to watch for thiamine deficiencies. Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense 1992;63:43-9. Thiamin is essential for the metabolism of pyruvate, which is an important . Institute of Medicine. J Med Case Rep 2010;4:409. The relevance of these effects to clinical prognosis or outcomes is not known. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); We promise, you will not receive more than two e-mails from us per month. (e.g. This may help in catching a deficiency early and getting the support to bring levels up to normal and avoid complications. As it in your old islamcan app A 2008 literature review identified 84 cases of Wernickes encephalopathy after bariatric surgery (primarily gastric bypass surgery) between 1991 and 2008 [35]. People with HIV infection have an increased risk of thiamin deficiency and its sequelae, including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [1,28]. The DV for thiamin is 1.2 mg for adults and children age 4 years and older [11]. A cross-investigation between thiamin deficiency and the physical condition of elderly people who require nursing care.
Thiamin: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Yang JD, Acharya K, Evans M, Marsh JD, Beland S. Beriberi disease: is it still present in the United States? Nicotinic Acid is a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 123.11. 2019;34:558-564. doi:10.1002/ncp.10234. [. The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff's syndrome: out of sight, out of mind? [. The authors of a 2001 Cochrane review assessed three double-blind, randomized trials (including two crossover trials) that compared the effects of 3 g/day oral thiamin to placebo on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimers type dementia [54]. People with heart failure (the heart does not pump enough blood to fulfill the body's needs) have been shown to have lower levels of thiamine. [, Xanthakos SA. -Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012;58:210-6. It can also be taken as a supplement on its own, in capsule or liquid form. Although beriberi is rare in the United States and other developed countries, people in these countries do occasionally develop the condition [15-18].
Halal Certified Vitamin B1-FOODCHEM 2012;101:159-64. doi:10.1007/s00392-011-0376-2, Wong EKC, Lee JY, Chow J, et al. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. J Nutr 2011;141:1847-54. The vitamin has a short half-life, so people require a continuous supply of it from the diet. It is essential to read the ingredient list and nutrition facts panel of a supplement carefully to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. Acta Diabetol. Eur J Neurol 2010;17:1408-18.
Thiamine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com This disorder is about 810 times more common in people with chronic alcoholism than in the general population, but it can also develop in patients who have severe gastrointestinal disorders, rapidly progressing hematologic malignancies, drug use disorders, or AIDS [2]. Clin Ther. Injectable thiamine must be given by a healthcare professional. The most commonly used forms of thiamin in supplements are thiamin mononitrate and thiamin hydrochloride, which are stable and water soluble [1,12]. In rare cases, beriberi causes congestive heart failure that leads to edema in the lower limbs and, occasionally, death [1,3]. Thomson AD, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. The different rates of thiamin deficiency in patients with heart failure in these and other studies are probably due to differences in nutrition status, comorbidities, medications and dietary supplements used, and techniques used to measure thiamin status [48]. [, Rodriguez-Martin JL, Qizilbash N, Lopez-Arrieta JM. [, Day E, Bentham PW, Callaghan R, Kuruvilla T, George S. Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol. Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials (those in which neither the researchers nor participants know whether they received the active ingredient) compared oral thiamine and injections of thiamine forWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Hashimoto's Disease-Related Fatigue and Thiamine Levels, Beriberi as a Result of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency, Taking on Vitamin Deficiencies in Hepatitis C, Guide to Dietary Supplements and Thyroid Disease.