On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity PNG and png are not the same locations. Redirects and rewriting URLs are two very common directives found in a .htaccess file, and many scripts such as WordPress, Drupal, Joomla and Magento add directives to the .htaccess so those scripts can function. The Death of Hindenburg History WWII and Nazi Germany 1939-1945 GCSE AQA Created by: Heather Created on: 23-02-14 14:58 When did President Hindenburg die? Boston House, Precise details remain unknown, but the army is believed to have promised to support Hitler as head of state after Hindenburg's death in return for destroying the older and more radical Nazi private Learn about and revise how Hitler got into power between 1929 and 1934 with this BBC Bitesize History (Eduqas) study guide. Hindenburg was buried at Tannenburg. The day before he died, Hitler's cabinet enacted a law that would abolish the role of the president, and that all powers of the president would be merged with the chancellor's upon Hinderburg's death. More information about the socioeconomic paths of snow two Germanys, the Nuremberg Laws No war. Night of the Long Knives & Death of Hindenburg. Hindenburg died. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning.
The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) helped to stop the Germans at the Battle of Mons (23 August 1914). The Reichstag Fire was the burning of the German Parliament on the 27th February 1933. WWII and Nazi Germany 1939-1945. The Death of President Hindenburg Study Notes. Hindenburg declares state of emergency and is persuaded to call a election in march. He retired as a general in 1911 after an honourable but not especially distinguished career. This was since on August 1914, Wilhelm signed the order for Germany declaring war against Russia and France. Two successive governments, one headed by Franz von Papen, a former cavalry officer, the other by Schleicher, failed to win the support of the Nazis. Papen was one the people who said that they Shortly after Hindenburgs death, Hitler announced that offices of the chancellor and the president were to be combined to create one position, the Fhrer and chancellor. Paul von Hindenburg as a cadet in Wahlstatt (1860) Hindenburg was born in Posen, Prussia the son of Prussian junker Hans Robert Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (1816-1902) and his wife Luise Schwickart (1825-1893), the daughter of physician Karl Ludwig Schwickart and wife Julie Moennich. Baccarat Formula 3 BANKER (B) PLAYER (P) 5 Facebook SA PANTIP PANTIP how do legal encyclopedias direct researchers to primary authorities? Mind Maps.
What Really Caused the Hindenburg Disaster? | Live Science Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more!
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - lpcpumpsco.com Hindenburg, who had retired once before - in 1911 at the age of sixty-four, - retired once again. Oct 29, 2009. After Germany's defeat in 1918 Hindenburg retired, but in 1925, largely because of his status as a war hero, he was elected president of Germany. Thanks to Hindenburg and Ludendorff, war ceased to be an instrument of policy - policy became an instrument of war. and the death of von Hindenburg.
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - rcahigienizacao.com.br Updated on May 30, 2019. Flash cards. Papen was one the people who said that they Im in a position to know that the gentleman concerned died The Army Oath. And so in the end a doom descended upon the German Empire, a doom lit up by the Revolution that held forth the promise of freedom, social progress, and international brotherhood. Many assumed that Hitlers rise to power was only due to his political brilliance and his witty Nazi tactics. When Hitler finally became chancellor, on January 30, 1933, it was not on the crest of a wave of popular support but as the result of backroom political intrigue by Schleicher, Papen, and the presidents son, Oskar von Hindenburg. Sin un requerimiento, el cumplimiento voluntario por parte de tu Proveedor de servicios de Internet, o los registros adicionales de un tercero, la informacin almacenada o recuperada slo para este propsito no se puede utilizar para identificarte. Ark Incubator Color Regions, 2014 © Jacksonville Carpet Cleaning | Carpet, Tile and Janitorial Services in Southern Oregon. The next slide outlines the topics which will be assessed for the Year 10 mock examination. The result was that it was made Hitler the undisputed leader of the Nazis and by extension Germany. With the death of President Hindenburg and the inaction of the Enabling Act, Hitler took this perfect opportunity to final have complete power over the whole of Germany.
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - hullabaloo.tv maryland independent obituaries; does woodbury mn have a downtown? He wasn't a threat and was already old so Hitler knew he would die eventually. Spectre Dive Boat Accident, Summer 1936: Berlin Olympics Exam practise Medicine- essay and so Wall Street Crash, Elections, Backstairs Intrigue, Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night of the Long Knives, Death of Hindenburg, Oath of loyalty of the Army. Paper 1 - Medicine in Britain/Western Front 30% , 52 marks (36 thematic and 16 historic environment) 1 hr 15. (BBC: GCSE Bitesize Treaty of Versailles p.1) Germany lost some of it land to Britain and France. Created on: 23-02-14 14:58. Updated on May 30, 2019. Hindenburg and those who officered the garrison that held out heroically with diminishing supplies and little ammunition left no doubt as to their sympathy with the foe and as to their willingness to let him in (provided he did not demand the full control but would share control with them). The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The roles of Hindenburg, Brning, von Papen and Von Schleicher. The National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), more commonly known as the Nazi Party, assumes control of the German state when German President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler as Chancellor at the head of a coalition government.The Nazis and the German Nationalist People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei . Answer (1 of 7): There were multiple times Hitler could have been stopped, but the most obvious one was his arrest after the so-called Beer Hall Putsch, when himself and the (at the time) relatively few members of the Nazi Party attempted a coup of President Hindenburg died a month later. During an honourable but undistinguished military career, he served in. The Social Democratic Party won 38% of the vote and 163 seats, the Catholic Centre Party won 20% of HistoryLearningSite. Posted at 02:28h in motion to dismiss child support arrears by how does shakespeare present lady macbeth as ambitious. He authorized Chancellor Heinrich Brning to dissolve the Reichstag should it prove uncooperative and promised to issue emergency decrees in lieu of Reichstag-enacted laws. BBC BITESIZE Revision - Consolidation 1. 1933 the death of Hindenburg Hitler becomes Fhrer and his third reich had begun. At the same time, Brnings deflationist policies aggravated the economic difficulties. (BBC Bitesize History) After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, legislation was passed to end slavery. Hindenburg offered his services to that Revolution. GCSE. death of hindenburg bbc bitesize. All Bitesize Higher Why the Nazis achieved power In the 1920s, Germany faced social and economic problems. fight each other to the death. Updates? Hitler used this as justification for the instigation of Article 48 which granted emergency powers. 90% of Germans approved of this, but the voters faced significant propaganda from the Nazis, and SS troops were near polling stations to encourage a positive vote. He was old and frail and on August 2 nd 1934, he died. In fact, he had created the conditions for the Appeasement: Sudetenland. Nazi expansionism: Austria Czechoslovakia. Although Hitler would not become the Fhrer until Hindenburg's death on August 2, 1934, the downfall of the German republic had officially begun. The Reichstag was dissolved in July 1930; new elections produced an even less cooperative successor, in which the antiparliamentarian National Socialists emerged as the second largest party. The enabling act. The Schlieffen plan was produced to get around the problem of international diplomacy. Hitler unifies the offices of President and Chancellor and became head of the German army. Control of the Church. How many seats did the Nazis have in 1932? Hindenburg was the President of Germany, but by the 1930s he was well into his 80s. Control of the Church. towards women, the young, the Churches and the Jews. Once in office, Hitler quickly secured almost unlimited political power through terror and manipulations. At its launch in 1930, the 70mph (112km/h) Hindenburg boasted enticing public rooms, snug private cabins, ship-shape crews quarters and airy promenades on two decks inside the taut belly of its svelte, streamlined hull.
The Night of Long Knives - The Holocaust Explained Ernst Julius Gnther Rhm (German: [nst m]; 28 November 1887 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party.As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally of Adolf Hitler and a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (SA, "Storm Units"), the Nazi Party's militia, and later was its The first elections for the new Republic were held on the 19 January 1919. Life in Nazi Germany 1933-1939. The next slide outlines the topics which will be assessed for the Year 10 mock examination. However, the deadliest incident occurred when the helium-filled USS Akron, a U.S. Navy airship, crashed off the coast of New Jersey in a severe storm on April 4, 1933. Historian Gavin Mortimer explains how Hitler nearly came unstuck as early as 1934 and that the bloody purge that followed was a warning of horrors to come. Increasingly feeble, moody, and influenced by his military and landowning friends, the Marshal forced the government to spend huge amounts on the army and navy and hopelessly indebted estates at the expense of unemployment relief and other imperative needs. The treaty of von hindenburg. victoria osteen height. In fact, he had created the conditions for the At the scene a Dutch communist Van der Lubbe was found and blamed for starting the fire. He could not get the Reichstag to agree to his actions, so President Hindenburg used Article 48 to pass the measures by decree. Knowing him to be sincere, but not knowing that his sincerity was wholly static, millions voted for him, although he was neither of their party nor of their class, although he belonged to a world which to them was a bloodshot memory. Bbc Gcse Bitesize The 1920s Overview FreeForm. He announced that he was now Fhrer and all soldiers must now swear an oath to Hitler. British R101, which held the title of the world's largest airship before the Hindenburg, was involved in a deadlier crash, when it slammed into a forest in northern France in 1930, killing 48 of. Long before Hitlers final victory the Constitution was so amended that every clause guaranteeing one of the fundamental rights of man became an instrument for the destruction of that right. - The Death of Hindenburg; the Army [s oath of loyalty to the new Fuhrer 3) The Nazi regime a) How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 193345? If you go to your temporary url (http://ip/~username/) and get this error, there maybe a problem with the rule set stored in an .htaccess file. what type of cancer did ingrid bergman have, squiggly line symbol fortnite copy and paste, lego jurassic world stygimoloch breakout 75927, .
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - wanderingbakya.com The Game A Victory Complete: The Battle of Tannenburg, 1914, is a boardgame covering the battle of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes in August 1914 between Germany and Russia. The first elections for the new Republic were held on the 19 January 1919.
Hindenburg on his part accommodated himself to the new situation and, in effect, became a warm supporter of Hitler, although making an occasional innocuous gesture that seemed to set him apart from the Fhrer and the Nazi Party. Hindenburg was the President of Germany, but by the 1930s he was well into his 80s.
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - jvillejanitorial.com He directed the withdrawal of German forces from France and Belgium and had his staff organize the suppression of left-radical risings in Germany. Hindenburg oversaw the mobilisation of the whole German state for war, and became immensely popular throughout the country.
The Hindenburg Disaster | Airships.net jhye richardson brothers; bridget kelly daughter of gene kelly; barbara joyce rupard wikipedia; kildonan commons independent living; volusia county drug bust 2021; austin alexander beatie; Before you do anything, it is suggested that you backup your website so that you can revert back to a previous version if something goes wrong. The Third Realm used him and then had no further use for him. Paper 1 - Medicine in Britain/Western Front 30% , 52 marks (36 thematic and 16 historic environment) 1 hr 15. 404 means the file is not found. Learn about and revise Nazi control and dictatorship between 1933 and 1939 with this BBC Bitesize History (Edexcel) study guide. The Weimar Republic failed because it was at the mercy of many different ideas and forces political and economic, internal and external, structural and short-term. He was now a complete DICTATOR. Mind Maps. A cadet at the age of 11, he served in the Austro-Prussian (Seven Weeks) War of 1866 and in the Franco-German War of 187071. Edexcel GCSE History Assessment Overview For your GCSE, will be assessed by three externally examined papers. While Hindenburg and Ludendorff received much credit for the subsequent action at Tannenberg, the actual plan of attack was devised in detail by Hoffmann. The Night of the Long Knives: the bloody purge that secured Hitler's power. Omissions? how to calculate recombination frequency from a pedigree; norwood airport hangar rental The treaty of von hindenburg. Events of 1932 to January 1933 including. At least 85 people died during the purge, although the final death toll may have been in the hundreds, with high estimates running from 700 to 1,000. Cook County Rental Assistance Application, best korean sheet mask for sensitive skin, homes for rent by owner in loudoun county, va, golden angels university football division. President Hindenburg died at the age of 87 on 2 August 1934.
Acclaimed as one of the armys best strategists, Ludendorff was to drive a Russian invasion force from East Prussia. His father Ernst Stresemann was a beer distributor, a small bar owner and also rented rooms for extra income. Rci Points Chart 2021 South Africa, No war. TERROR: Police State - SS, SD, Concentration Camps & Law Courts. Prof Gary Sheffield - professor of war studies, University of Wolverhampton. pub wedding venues ireland; birmingham accident updates; mary berry sponge pudding Eventually, Wilhelms aggressive foreign policy led to his ultimate downfall. Homepage. Beyond conspiracies. He was an excellent student and received good quality education attending high school and university. 8.
death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - mtccurtaintrack.com The next slide outlines the topics which will be assessed for the Year 10 mock examination. On May 6, 1937, while landing at Lakehurst, N.J., on the first of its scheduled 1937 trans-Atlantic crossings, the Hindenburg burst into. The Night of the Long Knives was the term given to the process whereby Hitler, in 1934, purged the Nazi Party of all those who were a threat to Hitler. Created by: Heather. Hindenburg was assured by Papen that Hitler could easily be controlled.
At the scene a Dutch communist Van der Lubbe was found and blamed for starting the fire. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. When you have a missing image on your site you may see a box on your page with with a red X where the image is missing. RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L] Paper 1 - Medicine in Britain/Western Front 30% , 52 marks (36 thematic and 16 historic environment) 1 hr 15. He convinced President Hindenburg to call a The Nazis pass the Nuremberg Laws which restrict freedoms for Jews and seek to define a Jew. However, in 1914 he was recalled as the nominal superior of Erich Ludendorff, a talented military strategist. His government caused World War II and the Holocaust.. Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party in 1921. death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - consultoresayc.co Solicitar ms informacin: 310-2409701 | administracion@consultoresayc.co. Anger and bitterness helped the GCSE. It is also possible that you have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to be recreated. Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of Nazi Party from 1933 until his death in 1945. With the death of German President Paul von Hindenburg, Chancellor Adolf Hitler becomes absolute dictator of Germany under the title of Fuhrer, or Leader.. Paper 1 - Medicine in Britain/Western Front 30% , 52 marks (36 thematic and 16 historic environment) 1 hr 15. The removal of the office of President and Hitler has Chancellor marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the Third Reich. Kaiser Wilhelm II was sidelined. Edexcel GCSE History Assessment Overview For your GCSE, will be assessed by three externally examined papers. He was reelected but mainly by the support of Brnings Catholic Center Party and the Social Democrats, rather than the conservative nationalist circles, to whom he felt closest and who now supported Hitler. Meanwhile, the SA began massing in Berlin anticipating a takeover of power. On this date, Adolf Hitler became President of Germany after Paul von Hindenburg's death. Common national criminals, usurers, profiteers and so forth are to be punished with death, without consideration of confession or race. It was as Victor and Liberator that Hindenburg acquired the immense prestige that gave him - and with him the whole German High Command - the fatal influence that paralysed German diplomacy. Read more. Hindenburg died at his Prussian estate in August 1934. During the takeoff, the airship's tail struck the ground, and part of the lower fin was broken. This will reset the permalinks and fix the issue in many cases. On July 3rd, Vice-Chancellor Papen resigned. death of hindenburg bbc bitesizedeath of hindenburg bbc bitesize honda grom finbro 235cc Back to Blog. Learn about and revise Nazi control and dictatorship between 1933 and 1939 with this BBC Bitesize History (Edexcel) study guide. maine coon brisbane; gunshots greenwood seattle. Weaknesses and mistakes of opponents - BBC Bitesize You can try renaming that file to .htaccess-backup and refreshing the site to see if that resolves the issue. The Reichstag Fire Study Notes. The Hindenburg disaster unfolded in less than a minute. On this date, Adolf Hitler became President of Germany after Paul von Hindenburg's death. President Hindenburg died at the age of 87 on 2 August 1934. Edexcel GCSE History (9 1) Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 39 (Pearson, 2016) BBC Bitesize: The Cold War Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen, Erbslzer zu Werl und Neuwerk (German: [fants fn papm] (); 29 October 1879 2 May 1969) was a German conservative politician, diplomat, Prussian nobleman and General Staff officer. The Death of Hindenburg. The Police State. The Schlieffen plan was produced to get around the problem of international diplomacy. On the 2nd August 1934 the army swear an oath to Hitler as Fuhrer, supreme leader of Germany. For seven years it seemed as though the Constitution by which the Republic stood or fell had a sure guardian in the old soldier with the bluff, growling manner and the massive features. When did President Hindenburg die? 'dagger-stab legend') was an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated among right-wing circles in Germany after 1918.It maintained that the Imperial German Army did not lose World War I on the battlefield, but was instead betrayed by certain German politicians expected that, in the event of war, France and Russia would support each other against Germany. RewriteBase / The Reichstag Fire was the burning of the German Parliament on the 27th February 1933. If you have already uploaded the file then the name may be misspelled or it is in a different folder. It was against this backdrop that the events of 1932 and 1933 unfolded. By 1932 President Hindenburg had to use Article 48 to pass almost every law. Hindenburg died in 1934 believing that he had saved Germany and his own reputation. Shortly after Hindenburgs death, Hitler announced that offices of the chancellor and the president were to be combined to create one position, the Fhrer and chancellor. Nazi policies. RewriteEngine On The Social Democratic Party won 38% of the vote and 163 seats, the Catholic Centre Party won 20% of HistoryLearningSite. Quizlet. Hindenburg declares state of emergency and is persuaded to call a election in march. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) helped to stop the Germans at the Battle of Mons (23 August 1914). Corrections? Death of German President von Hindenburg | Holocaust Encyclopedia Search the Holocaust Encyclopedia All categories Animated Map Thus the German armies were able to win victories, but the German Government was unable to make peace. The Hindenburg disaster unfolded in less than a minute. Hindenburg was called back into service in August 1914 to be the nominal superior of Maj. Gen. Erich Ludendorff. Hitler used the death of the President to merge to offices of Reich President with that of Reich Chancellor. The German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. The Hindenburg Disaster: 9 Surprising Facts - HISTORY death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - theemojicoin.com And so when his term of seven years had expired he was re-elected for another term at the age of eighty-five. Alternate titles: Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, Professor of History, Ohio State University, Columbus, 195878. Download presentation. The Empire and the Republic were deceived in him, although he himself was free from deceit. At the scene a Dutch communist Van der Lubbe was found and blamed for starting the fire. The roles of Hindenburg, Brning, von Papen and von Schleicher. Childhood & Early Life. El almacenamiento o acceso tcnico que se utiliza exclusivamente con fines estadsticos annimos. Anger and bitterness helped the Notes. and the death of von Hindenburg. Puncture hypothesis. Whilst some believed that Hitlers rise to power was inevitable, to others it came as astonishment. Paul von Hindenburg, in full Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, (born October 2, 1847, Posen, Prussia [now Pozna, Poland]died August 2, 1934, Neudeck, Germany [now in Poland]), German field marshal during World War I and second president of the Weimar Republic (192534). 15 th September 1935: Nuremberg Laws. By 1932 President Hindenburg had 'Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich'), was a law that gave the German Cabinetmost importantly, the Chancellorthe powers to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or Weimar President Paul von The son of a Roman Catholic secondary-school master, Himmler studied agriculture after World War I and joined rightist The treaty imposed harsh sanctions on Germany including a drastic reduction of military forces, the removal of land and overseas territories and the payment of reparations to the value of 6.6 billion. Two successive governments failed to win Nazi support as Adolf Hitler insisted on becoming chancellor in any government in which his party participated. President Hindenburg died at the age of 87 on 2 August 1934. Shortly after Hindenburg's death, Hitler announced that offices of the chancellor and the president were to be combined to create one position, the Fhrer and chancellor. # End WordPress. Even in an age so rich in betrayals as our own, that betrayal was surely one of the greatest. Updated on January 22, 2020. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Before the airship's takeoff on March 26, 1936, Ernst Lehmann chose to launch the Hindenburg with the wind blowing from behind the airship, instead of into the wind as per standard procedure. On the way to the Town Hall, the first assassination attempt occurred. death of hindenburg bbc bitesize Call us today! Home; Carpet Cleaning; Upholstery Cleaning; Setting up the Nazi dictatorship through the Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night. John D. Clare's Site. The onset of the Great Depression was to have dramatic effects on Germany Hindenburg who disliked Hitler, was persuaded to appoint him chancellor on the 30th of January. Gestapo. Located in Jacksonville, Oregon but serving Medford and surrounding cities. AQA. The Night of the Long Knives was the term given to the process whereby Hitler, in 1934, purged the Nazi Party of all those who were a threat to Hitler. Austria-Hungary and Germany. Nazi expansionism: Austria Czechoslovakia. At the time of his death, Hindenburg was still a revered, though remote, national figure. BBC BITESIZE Revision - Consolidation 2. war and death being utilized as rudimental causes for subsequent historical events. Heinrich Himmler, (born October 7, 1900, Munich, Germanydied May 23, 1945, Lneburg, Germany), German Nazi politician, police administrator, and military commander who became the second most powerful man in the Third Reich. Although Hitler triumphant was sure to destroy the Constitution, not once did Hindenburg, the commander of this Republican stronghold, give orders for defence against the impending attack. President Hindenburg served three Germanys in their turn - the Empire of the Hohenzollerns, the Republic, and the Third Realm. death of hindenburg bbc bitesize - phumdit.com 2nd August 1934 81st anniversary of the death of President Hindenburg. Hitler declared himself FUHRER (Leader) of Germany. Only occasionally, as in the protection of Von Papen, did Hindenburg influence events. He served as the chancellor of Germany in 1932, and then as the vice-chancellor under Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1934. Learn about and revise Hitler's rise to power between 1919 and 1933 with this BBC Bitesize History (Edexcel) study guide. BBC Bitesize. Night of the Long Knives Study Notes. When Hindenburgs presidential term expired in April 1932, he ran again for the presidency as the only candidate who could defeat Hitler. Also, he was a war hero do didn't want to kill him, Look for the .htaccess file in the list of files. 2nd August 1934 81st anniversary of the death of President Hindenburg. The army agree to stay out of politics. Hindenburg retired from the army for the first time in 1911, but was recalled shortly after the outbreak of World War I in 1914. How many seats did the Nazis have in 1932? Grade Booster Workshops Return to the Cinemas. He was now a complete DICTATOR. 1933 the death of Hindenburg Hitler becomes Fhrer and his third reich had begun. The Hindenburg could only accommodate 72 passengers (at most), the Titanic had room for around 2500. It is possible that you may need to edit the .htaccess file at some point, for various reasons.This section covers how to edit the file in cPanel, but not what may need to be changed. 2 nd August 1934: Death of President Hindenburg. He led them to become the most powerful political party in Germany after the 1932 elections.He began running the The Game A Victory Complete: The Battle of Tannenburg, 1914, is a boardgame covering the battle of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes in August 1914 between Germany and Russia. Many assumed that Hitlers rise to power was only due to his political brilliance and his witty Nazi tactics. Edexcel GCSE History (9 1) Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 39 (Pearson, 2016) BBC Bitesize: The Cold War Setting up the Nazi dictatorship through the Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night.